Con un fallo ejemplar, la Cámara Federal de Casación condenó a la empresaria textil Rina Ruíz Cerrón a cinco años de prisión por reducir a la servidumbre a una decena de ciudadanos peruanos, uno de ellos discapacitado.
En condiciones propias del siglo XIX. Así trabajaban una decena de ciudadanos peruanos, uno de ellos discapacitado, en uno de los miles de talleres clandestinos de Villa Celina, provincia de Buenos Aires. Captados en su país de origen con promesas de progreso y buenos salarios, los costureros llegaron al país con pasajes pagos por su empleador, que luego se los descontaba de su sueldo en negro. Con sus pasaportes retenidos por los patrones, jornadas de más de 10 horas, hacinados en el mismo lugar de trabajo, sin llaves de la propiedad y sueldos de 3500 pesos por mes.
Para la Cámara Federal de Casación, que condenó a cinco años de prisión a Rina Ruíz Cerrón, titular del taller clandestino ubicado en Villa Celina, partido de La Matanza, por haber facilitado la entrada y permanencia en el país de una decena de trabajadores para su explotación laboral. El fallo lo dictó la Sala IV de la Cámara al revocar la absolución que un tribunal oral federal de San Martín había dispuesto a favor de Ruíz Cerrón. El tribunal integrado por los camaristas Gustavo Hornos, Mariano Borinsky y Juan Carlos Gemignani consideró los argumentos de la defensa en base a testimonios de las víctimas que indicaban que todos integraban “una gran familia”, pero destacó que al absolver a la tallerista no se tuvo en cuenta la situación de “vulnerabilidad” de los peruanos que, por su “precariedad económica”, se sometieron a un “trabajo esclavo”.Los camaristas entendieron que la “situación de vulnerabilidad de todas las víctimas operó como factor clave para la aceptación” de esas condiciones, que fueron aprovechadas por la imputada “para que trabajaran para ella y así obtener amplias ventajas económicas que no tenían su correspondencia con la retribución” que pagaba. “Ninguna de las víctimas afirmó haber efectuado una salida al exterior del taller en forma autónoma” y las que hacían los domingos “eran bajo la exclusiva órbita” de la imputada, agregó el tribunal que remarcó que “los alimentos y el alojamiento (que tenían) no son más que presupuestos básicos para la explotación”. De hecho, la justicia comprobó que las víctimas llegaron a Argentina entre 2013 y 2015, desconocían la ciudad de Buenos Aires o sitios aledaños al inmueble donde trabajaban en condición de esclavitud.
“En provincia, entre 25 y 30 mil costureros están en las mismas condiciones y Villa Celina es un epicentro clave porque desde ahí se abastece no sólo a La Salada sino también a grandes marcas”, dijo a Página/12 Ezequiel Conde, delegado gremial de SOHO y referente de la Unión de Trabajadores Costureros (UTC). Conde celebró el fallo aunque advirtió que, una vez más, no se ofrece una solución a las víctimas: “Sólo les ofrecen pasajes para que vuelvan a sus países de origen, de donde se fueron justamente por falta de trabajo”. Al mismo tiempo, el dirigente exigió que la Justicia avance contra los “verdaderos responsables, es decir, las marcas que contratan los talleres clandestinos para abaratar costos”. “La ley de Trabajo a Domicilio es clara y dice que los que contratan a empresas irregulares son responsables de lo que sucede, pero la Justicia nunca avanza”.
Conde remarcó que las propias cámaras industriales reconocen que prácticamente el 80 por ciento de la producción se reparte en el mercado ilegal. “Dicen que hay 450 mil trabajadores de la industria textil. La mano de obra intensiva, costura, 250 a 280 mil trabajadores a nivel nacional y el sindicato tiene 19 mil afiliados. Es un 75 u 80 por ciento que está fuera de convenio. Las grandes marcas no producen, tercerizan la costura, y después se quedan con el porcentaje más alto de la ganancia. Acá los responsables son los comercializadores finales”, concluyó.
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